Describe the Impact of Humanism on Renaissance Events and Renaissance Art Including Music

The Renaissance was a fervent period of European cultural, artistic, political and economic "rebirth" following the Center Ages. More often than not described every bit taking identify from the 14th century to the 17th century, the Renaissance promoted the rediscovery of classical philosophy, literature and art. Some of the greatest thinkers, authors, statesmen, scientists and artists in human history thrived during this era, while global exploration opened upward new lands and cultures to European commerce. The Renaissance is credited with bridging the gap betwixt the Middle Ages and modern-mean solar day civilisation.

From Darkness to Light: The Renaissance Begins

During the Middle Ages, a period that took identify between the autumn of ancient Rome in 476 A.D. and the beginning of the 14th century, Europeans made few advances in science and fine art.

Too known every bit the "Night Ages," the era is frequently branded as a time of war, ignorance, famine and pandemics such as the Black Death.

Some historians, however, believe that such grim depictions of the Middle Ages were greatly exaggerated, though many concur that there was relatively trivial regard for aboriginal Greek and Roman philosophies and learning at the time.

READ MORE: 6 Reasons the Nighttime Ages Weren't Then Nighttime

Humanism

During the 14th century, a cultural movement called humanism began to gain momentum in Italian republic. Among its many principles, humanism promoted the idea that man was the eye of his own universe, and people should embrace human achievements in education, classical arts, literature and science.

In 1450, the invention of the Gutenberg printing press allowed for improved communication throughout Europe and for ideas to spread more quickly.

As a result of this advance in advice, little-known texts from early on humanist authors such as those by Francesco Petrarch and Giovanni Boccaccio, which promoted the renewal of traditional Greek and Roman culture and values, were printed and distributed to the masses.

Additionally, many scholars believe advances in international finance and trade impacted culture in Europe and ready the stage for the Renaissance.

Medici Family

The Renaissance started in Florence, Italian republic, a place with a rich cultural history where wealthy citizens could beget to support budding artists.

Members of the powerful Medici family, which ruled Florence for more than than sixty years, were famous backers of the move.

Great Italian writers, artists, politicians and others alleged that they were participating in an intellectual and creative revolution that would be much different from what they experienced during the Dark Ages.

The move first expanded to other Italian city-states, such as Venice, Milan, Bologna, Ferrara and Rome. Then, during the 15th century, Renaissance ideas spread from Italian republic to France and so throughout western and northern Europe.

Although other European countries experienced their Renaissance later than Italy, the impacts were still revolutionary.

Renaissance Geniuses

Some of the most famous and groundbreaking Renaissance intellectuals, artists, scientists and writers include the likes of:

• Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519): Italian painter, builder, inventor and "Renaissance man" responsible for painting "The Mona Lisa" and "The Last Supper.

• Desiderius Erasmus (1466–1536): Scholar from Holland who divers the humanist movement in Northern Europe. Translator of the New Attestation into Greek.

• Rene Descartes (1596–1650): French philosopher and mathematician regarded as the father of modernistic philosophy. Famous for stating, "I think; therefore I am."

• Galileo (1564-1642): Italian astronomer, physicist and engineer whose pioneering work with telescopes enabled him to describes the moons of Jupiter and rings of Saturn. Placed under house abort for his views of a heliocentric universe.

• Nicolaus Copernicus (1473–1543): Mathematician and astronomer who made first modern scientific argument for the concept of a heliocentric solar organization.

• Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679): English philosopher and author of "Leviathan."

• Geoffrey Chaucer (1343–1400): English poet and author of "The Canterbury Tales."

• Giotto (1266-1337): Italian painter and architect whose more realistic depictions of human emotions influenced generations of artists. Best known for his frescoes in the Scrovegni Chapel in Padua.

• Dante (1265–1321): Italian philosopher, poet, author and political thinker who authored "The Divine Comedy."

• Niccolo Machiavelli (1469–1527): Italian diplomat and philosopher famous for writing "The Prince" and "The Discourses on Livy."

• Titian (1488–1576): Italian painter celebrated for his portraits of Pope Paul III and Charles I and his afterward religious and mythical paintings similar "Venus and Adonis" and "Metamorphoses."

• William Tyndale (1494–1536): English biblical translator, humanist and scholar burned at the stake for translating the Bible into English.

• William Byrd (1539/40–1623): English language composer known for his development of the English madrigal and his religious organ music.

• John Milton (1608–1674): English poet and historian who wrote the epic poem "Paradise Lost."

• William Shakespeare (1564–1616): England's "national poet" and the well-nigh famous playwright of all fourth dimension, celebrated for his sonnets and plays similar "Romeo and Juliet."

• Donatello (1386–1466): Italian sculptor celebrated for lifelike sculptures like "David," commissioned by the Medici family.

• Sandro Botticelli (1445–1510): Italian painter of "Birth of Venus."

• Raphael (1483–1520): Italian painter who learned from da Vinci and Michelangelo. All-time known for his paintings of the Madonna and "The Schoolhouse of Athens."

• Michelangelo (1475–1564): Italian sculptor, painter and architect who carved "David" and painted The Sistine Chapel in Rome.

Renaissance Art, Architecture and Science

Art, architecture and scientific discipline were closely linked during the Renaissance. In fact, it was a unique fourth dimension when these fields of study fused together seamlessly.

For instance, artists like da Vinci incorporated scientific principles, such equally anatomy into their piece of work, and so they could recreate the homo body with extraordinary precision.

Architects such equally Filippo Brunelleschi studied mathematics to accurately engineer and design immense buildings with expansive domes.

Scientific discoveries led to major shifts in thinking: Galileo and Descartes presented a new view of astronomy and mathematics, while Copernicus proposed that the Sun, not the Earth, was the center of the solar system.

Renaissance art was characterized by realism and naturalism. Artists strived to depict people and objects in a true-to-life way.

Gyre to Go along

They used techniques, such equally perspective, shadows and light to add depth to their work. Emotion was another quality that artists tried to infuse into their pieces.

Some of the most famous creative works that were produced during the Renaissance include:

• The Mona Lisa (Da Vinci)
• The Final Supper (Da Vinci)
• Statue of David (Michelangelo)
• The Nascency of Venus (Botticelli)
• The Creation of Adam (Michelangelo)

Renaissance Exploration

While many artists and thinkers used their talents to express new ideas, some Europeans took to the seas to larn more about the world around them. In a menses known as the Age of Discovery, several important explorations were fabricated.

Voyagers launched expeditions to travel the unabridged globe. They discovered new shipping routes to the Americas, India and the Far East and explorers trekked across areas that weren't fully mapped.

Famous journeys were taken by Ferdinand Magellan, Christopher Columbus, Amerigo Vespucci (afterward whom America is named), Marco Polo, Ponce de Leon, Vasco Núñez de Balboa, Hernando De Soto and other explorers.

READ More: The Age of Exploration

Renaissance Organized religion

Humanism encouraged Europeans to question the role of the Roman Catholic church building during the Renaissance.

Equally more people learned how to read, write and interpret ideas, they began to closely examine and critique religion as they knew it. Likewise, the printing press allowed for texts, including the Bible, to be hands reproduced and widely read by the people, themselves, for the first time.

In the 16th century, Martin Luther, a German monk, led the Protestant Reformation – a revolutionary motion that caused a split in the Catholic church. Luther questioned many of the practices of the church and whether they aligned with the teachings of the Bible.

As a issue, a new course of Christianity, known as Protestantism, was created.

End of the Renaissance

Scholars believe the demise of the Renaissance was the result of several compounding factors.

By the terminate of the 15th century, numerous wars had plagued the Italian peninsula. Castilian, French and German invaders battling for Italian territories caused disruption and instability in the region.

Also, changing trade routes led to a period of economic pass up and express the amount of money that wealthy contributors could spend on the arts.

Later, in a movement known every bit the Counter-Reformation, the Catholic church censored artists and writers in response to the Protestant Reformation. Many Renaissance thinkers feared being too assuming, which stifled creativity.

Furthermore, in 1545, the Council of Trent established the Roman Inquisition, which made humanism and any views that challenged the Catholic church an act of heresy punishable by death.

Past the early on 17th century, the Renaissance movement had died out, giving style to the Age of Enlightenment.

Debate Over the Renaissance

While many scholars view the Renaissance as a unique and exciting time in European history, others contend that the period wasn't much dissimilar from the Center Ages and that both eras overlapped more than than traditional accounts propose.

Also, some modern historians believe that the Heart Ages had a cultural identity that'southward been downplayed throughout history and overshadowed by the Renaissance era.

While the exact timing and overall impact of the Renaissance is sometimes debated, there's little dispute that the events of the menstruation ultimately led to advances that changed the way people understood and interpreted the globe around them.

Sources

The Renaissance, History Globe International.
The Renaissance – Why it Inverse the Globe, The Telegraph.
Facts About the Renaissance, Biography Online.
Facts Almost the Renaissance Menstruation, Interestingfacts.org.
What is Humanism? International Humanist and Ethical Union.
Why Did the Italian Renaissance Cease? Dailyhistory.org.
The Myth of the Renaissance in Europe, BBC.

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Source: https://www.history.com/topics/renaissance/renaissance

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